History and Development of the Kinetoscope

The concept of moving images as entertainment was not a new one by the latter part of the 19th century. Magic lanterns and other devices had been employed in popular entertainment for generations. Magic lanterns used glass slides with images which were projected. The use of levers and other contrivances allowed these images to  move. Another mechanism called a Phenakistiscope consisted of a disc with images of successive phases of movement on it, which could be spun to simulate movement. Edison and Eadweard Muybridges Zoopraxiscope Additionally, there was the Zoopraxiscope, developed by photographer Eadweard Muybridge in 1879, which projected a series of images in successive phases of movement. These images were obtained through the use of multiple cameras. However, the invention of a camera in the Edison laboratories capable of recording successive images in a single camera was a more practical, cost-effective breakthrough that influenced all subsequent motion picture devices. While there has been speculation that Edisons interest in motion pictures began before 1888, the visit of Muybridge to the inventors laboratory in West Orange in February of that year certainly stimulated Edisons resolve to invent a motion picture camera. Muybridge proposed that they collaborate and combine the Zoopraxiscope with the Edison phonograph. Although apparently intrigued, Edison decided not to participate in such a partnership, perhaps realizing that the Zoopraxiscope was not a very practical or efficient way of recording motion. Patent Caveat for the Kinetoscope In an attempt to protect his future inventions, Edison filed a caveat with the patent office on October 17, 1888  that described his ideas for a device which would do for the eye what the phonograph does for the ear record and reproduce objects in motion. Edison called the invention a Kinetoscope, using the Greek words kineto meaning movement and scopos meaning to watch. Who Did the Inventing? Edisons assistant, William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, was given the task of inventing the device in June 1889, possibly because of his background as a photographer. Charles Brown was made Dicksons assistant. There has been some debate  over how much Edison himself contributed to the invention of the motion picture camera. While Edison seems to have conceived the idea and initiated the experiments, Dickson apparently performed the bulk of the experimentation, leading most modern scholars to assign Dickson with the major credit for turning the concept into a practical reality. The Edison laboratory, though, worked as a collaborative organization. Laboratory assistants were assigned to work on many projects while Edison supervised  and participated to varying degrees. Ultimately, Edison made the important decisions and, as the Wizard of West Orange, took sole credit for the products of his laboratory. The initial experiments on the Kinetograph (the camera used to create film for the Kinetoscope) were based on Edisons conception of the phonograph cylinder. Tiny photographic images were affixed in sequence to a cylinder  with the idea that, when the cylinder was rotated, the illusion of motion would be reproduced via reflected light. This ultimately proved to be impractical. Development of Celluloid Film The work of others in the field soon prompted Edison and his staff to move in a different direction. In Europe, Edison had met French physiologist Étienne-Jules Marey who used a continuous roll of film in his Chronophotographe to produce a sequence of still images, but the lack of film rolls of sufficient length and durability for use in a motion picture device delayed the inventive process. This dilemma was aided when John Carbutt developed emulsion-coated celluloid film sheets, which began to be used in the Edison experiments. The Eastman Company later produced its  own celluloid film, which Dickson soon bought in large quantities. By 1890, Dickson was joined by new assistant William Heise and the two began to develop a machine that exposed a strip of film in a horizontal-feed mechanism. Prototype Kinetoscope Demonstrated A prototype for the Kinetoscope was finally shown at a convention of the National Federation of Womens Clubs on May 20, 1891. The device was both a camera and a peep-hole viewer that used 18mm wide film. According to David Robinson, who describes the Kinetoscope in his book, From Peep Show to Palace: The Birth of American Film the film ran horizontally between two spools, at continuous speed. A rapidly moving shutter gave intermittent exposures when the apparatus was used as a camera and intermittent glimpses of the positive print when it was used as a viewer, when the spectator looked through the same aperture that housed the camera lens. Patents for Kinetograph and Kinetoscope A patent for the Kinetograph (the camera) and the Kinetoscope (the viewer) was filed on August 24, 1891. In this patent, the width of the film was specified as 35mm  and allowance was made for the possible use of a cylinder. Kinetoscope Completed The Kinetoscope was apparently completed by 1892.  Robinson also writes: It consisted of an upright wooden cabinet, 18 in. x 27 in. x 4 ft. high, with a peephole with magnifying lenses in the top...Inside the box, the film, in a continuous band of approximately 50 feet, was arranged around a series of spools. A large, electrically driven sprocket wheel at the top of the box engaged corresponding sprocket holes punched in the edges of the film, which was thus drawn under the lens at a continuous rate. Beneath the film was an electric lamp and between the lamp and the film a revolving shutter with a narrow slit. As each frame passed under the lens, the shutter permitted a flash of light so brief that the frame appeared to be frozen. This rapid series of apparently still frames appeared, thanks to the persistence of vision phenomenon, as a moving image. At this point, the horizontal-feed system had been changed to one in which the film was fed vertically. The viewer would look into a peep-hole at the top of the cabinet in order to see the image move. The first public demonstration of the Kinetoscope was held at the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences on May 9, 1893.

Terrorism As An International Phenomenon Essay examples

Terrorism as an International Phenomenon nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;International terrorism, intelligence gathering and covert operations are all phenomenon, which intrigue the minds of many people both young and old. This paper is a historical recount and study on the various elements that comprise an international operation. It is also a vehicle for discussing the effects of intelligence agencies around the world, with particular interest in the CIA, Mossad, and KGB. This paper will show the various results of failed missions on the international community, examining whether the end justified the mean. Furthermore, it will also provide a deeper understanding to the way in which an operation works as developed through the mind of†¦show more content†¦The CIA, established in 1947, and the KGB, established in 1954, used Berlin as the battlefield for espionage. It was not a very intricate system; although, the results were of great importance. The CIA operated from its Berlin Operations Base, BOB , which was an experimental entity. It had approximately 250 agents spying on Russian troop movement, fortification, ammunition dumps, and training grounds . From there information was gathered concerning the making of a Russian nuclear weapon. Despite the fact that both intelligence agencies existed in Germany at the same time, their respective goals were not the same. The CIA concerned itself with the aforementioned goal of uncovering details about foreign nuclear weapons. They were a true counter-intelligence organization. However, the KGB focused their attention on bringing German scientists back to Russia in order to build a weapon of mass destruction . The KGB worked endlessly to try to thwart the CIA’s intelligence actions. However, they underestimated the CIA’s determination and in doing so failed many times. Finally, the CIA discovered that it could tap the telephone line used by the KGB’s headquarters byShow MoreRelatedTerrorism And International Business Research1130 Words   |  5 PagesSadly, terrorism permeates everyday society, and the intensifying impact of terrorism on international business is a global phenomenon with heightening implications for both theory and practice. This research paper is a novel exploratory study of how international businesses apply past terrorism exposure and experience from operating in risky locations to create organizational preparedness and performance resilience to endure future terrorist attacks. The unique firm level research provides a theoreticalRead MoreTerrorism Is Very Real For Mnes Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesSadly, terrorism permeates everyday society, an d the intensifying impact of terrorism on international business is a global phenomenon with implications for both theory and practice. The research question addressed by this exploratory study is how international businesses apply past terrorism exposure and experience from operating in risky locations to create organizational preparedness and performance resilience to absorb and endure future terrorist attacks. This paper contributes to the internationalRead MoreDomestic And International Terroristic Acts1473 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic and international terroristic acts have been a part of our society for many years with the intensity of those crimes increasing as the population increases. This phenomenon is bound to remain in our world as long as there are people who oppose viewpoints and idealism of other people. Based on whether the terrorist group is domestic or international organization, there are differences and similarities in how terror acts are carried out. According to â€Å"section 802 of the USA PATRIOT Act theRead MoreA Brief Note On The Act Of Terrorism1688 Words   |  7 PagesAn act of terrorism. 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Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Free Essays

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass The literary devices used by Frederick Douglass in his autobiography make the telling more approachable to his audience. Douglass writes from a first person point of view demonstrating his evolution from an uneducated young slave to an articulate orator. He uses pathos, ethos, and logos. We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass or any similar topic only for you Order Now As well as a variety of other device three of which are allegories, epiphanies, and parables. Through these techniques Douglass creates a vivid portrayal as life as a slave that dramatically impacts his audience. One literary device used by Douglass is ethos, a rhetorical appeal to the writer’s credibility. Throughout his narration Douglass uses Christianity to illustrate the ethical inconsistencies inherent in the practice of slavery. His example of ethos is particularly poignant in the character of Edward Covey. Mr. Covey considers himself to be a devout Christian man and tries to deceive himself and God, but his evil actions reveal him to be a hypocritical sinner. This connected with readers by depicting a very clear example of the ethical paradox of being a Christian slaveholder. Logos, the rhetorical appeal of logic is another literary device used by Douglass. He uses logos in his writing style which is generally straightforward and engaged, though he does occasionally use an ironic tone, or that of someone emotionally overcome. Douglass’s factual diction and logical outlook on the aspects of slavery help the audience get a better depiction of slavery. His formal writing style makes the reader know that he is an intelligent man. Another literary technique used in the autobiography is pathos, a rhetorical appeal to emotion. Douglass’s depiction of slave women is an example of pathos. Women, who should have a larger more significant role in his narrative such as his Aunt Hester, are only seen in relation to an emotional response to abuse. Douglass describes â€Å"I have often been awakened at the dawn of day by the most heart-rending shrieks of an own aunt of mine†¦no words no tears, no prayers, from his gory victim, seemed to move his iron heart from its bloody purpose†¦ not until overcome by fatigue, would he cease to swing the blood-clotted cow skin. (21) He doesn’t write about them as people but more as a way to display overwhelming emotions of abuse. Allegory is another device that Douglass that uses to convey his thoughts on freedom. Allegory is the literary work in which characters, objects, or actions represent abstractions. Douglass conveys the abstract idea of freedom portraying the white-sailed ships that he encountered as a way to suggest spiritualism or rather freedo m that comes from spirituality. Those beautiful vessels, robed in purest white, so delightful to the eye of freemen, were to me so many shrouded ghosts, to terrify and torment me with thoughts of my wretched condition. †(63) To Douglass the ships represent freedom from slavery by going from port to port, while the white sail he associates with angels. Epiphany is a literary device used to show a moment of sudden revelation or insight. Douglass shows this in the example of Mr. Auld ordering his wife to stop teaching a young Frederick to read. Douglass says, â€Å"Whilst I was saddened by the thought of losing the aid of my kind, mistress, I was gladdened by the invaluable instruction which, by the merest accident, I had gained from my master. † The epiphany that Douglass reaches regarding the value of education would resonate with his audience. Douglass’s fight with Covey is a microcosm for the global issue of slavery. This microcosm is an example of how Douglass uses parables to impact the reader. Parables are a simple story that illustrates a moral or religious lesson. Slaves as a population succumbed to their environment (beatings) as Douglass did with Covey by losing all desire to better himself. Douglass explains this by saying, â€Å"My natural elasticity was crushed, my intellect languished, the disposition to read departed, the cheerful spark that lingered about my eye dies; the dark night of slavery closed in upon me; and behold a man transformed into a brute. †(63) When Douglass stands up to Covey, a fight lasting hours, reflects the freedom movement’s long, protracted struggle against slavery. Slavery itself is such a heavy topic that it will affect any reader. But Douglass’s is a true account. He doesn’t hold back and writes the brutal truth. And that I think shocked so many people in that era because Americans did not want to believe that such an eloquent and intelligent Negro man had been subjected to such harsh conditions. Writing such an engaging story, by jumping between the two personas he represents, he shocked the culture. Douglass’s autobiography was so shocking because of the amount of pathos used graphically to enrage the reader and cause social change many decades later. How to cite Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Essays

Audit Committee Financial Expertise and Earnings Management

Question: Discuss about the Audit Committee Financial Expertise and Earnings Management. Answer: Introduction: The below discussion reflects the application of view in terms of accounting and auditing. The manner in which the audit provisions is applied by the auditor as well as the management while preparing the books of accounts and verifying the records has been prescribed below: This approach states that, while assessing the books of accounts, the first thing which is assessed is that the relevant accounting standards have been followed or not in preparation of accounts. The basis of accounting is acceptable or not is checked by assessing the policies followed by the entity (Hayes, 2014). It can be said that the first part of the view that one lobe of the brain wants to study facts and test hypothesis on them is related to accounts of an entity. As the facts, that is the data of the entity for a certain period is analysed in accordance with the data available. The other part of the view is related in a manner that accounts are prepared as per the standards unless any circumstance arises, in which books of accounts will be present more true and fair view in case standard is not followed (William and et.al. 2016). According to the analysis, it could be said that while preparation and assessing accounts, a setup is present in mind that books of accounts should be in accordance with the standard and at the same time a part of the mind is analysing the other factors due to which the standards could not be followed (Kennan and et.al, 2014). The auditor has to form an opinion, on the basis of his view in respect to books of accounts of an entity. According to the above concept, the audit of every entity is done with a mind set up that everything will be in accordance with standards and not that errors will be surely found (Lisic and et.al., 2015). But at the same time while assessing the books or records, if any abnormal transaction or data is received than detail analysis is done. The opinion and method of auditing are dependent on the quality of internal control and quality of data available to the entity. The presence of unreasonable transactions derives mystic symbol and analogies in their respect (Pitt, 2014). It has its impact on other transactions also, as once the suspicion arises, the auditor will think twice even if the transaction are acceptable. It can be possible in case; the management is neither allowing communicating with the creditors for verification of their balance nor itself communicating with them for getting confirmations. The opinion formed by an auditor is based on the circumstances present before him after completion of the assessment of complete books of accounts. It cannot be judged by verifying a part of books of account or on the basis of the opinion of the previous year. The relationship between the auditor and management is necessary for the audit. Audit cannot be concluded with efficiency and ease in case a strong bond between the two is not present; the same has been discussed here: The financial statements are the responsibility of management and not of the auditor. The auditor is responsible for expressing an opinion in accordance with availed evidence (Thompson, 2013). It is the responsibility of management to adopt sound accounting policies, maintain internal control and to present financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principal. It is the duty of the auditor; to plan and perform the audit to express an opinion regarding financial statements of an entity. The information and data relating to assets and liabilities, equity and other are under the control of management. The knowledge of internal control and assertions of management are available to the auditor to a certain extent only. The nature of audit is such that it cannot be performed without the assistance of management. As at every step i.e. in evaluating the environment of the entity, known facts and data of a transaction, information is taken from management only (Tricker, 2015). The trust is the basis for which the auditor uses the information made available by them. In the case of weak internal control, it is not present; thus, in that case, sufficient appropriate evidence is availed from sources outside the management as banks or customers. In case, once a suspicion has arisen regarding the details provided by management, it affects all the previous information on which auditor trusted (Westphal and Zajac, 2013.). It might even change the opinion of the whole audit, and the situation regarding revision of the whole audit could also arise. Thus, it can be said that the statement Trust takes years to build, seconds to break and forever to fix perfectly matches to the relation of management and auditor. As in case once it is developed on the basis of previous information supplied by the management and one wrong information gets all the previous information into suspicion. It is not possible for an auditor to trust again as he knows the importance of his opinion. The representations made by management are assessed in a different view, once the trust is broken (William and et.al. 2016). In case the amount of trust is sufficient on management the certainty of detail investigation is less, as the auditor has a belief that the information supplied by the management is appropriate. The audit is done according to the facts and data made available by the management. All the confusions are resolved through discussions with management only. In case the trust is not present it is not possible for an auditor to express an appropriate opinion because the base of audit i.e. trust is not present (Garran and O'Sullivan ,2013). Analytical procedure and detail investigation are done in case the auditor is having doubt regarding the data made available by management and it that situation chances of clear opinion are reduced and disclaimer opinion are increased. The stronger the bonding, the easier the procedure of audit as all details availed is assumed to be correct in the case when no suspect has arisen. The history of Martin Shkreli has been provided with details regarding the companies of which he was a part. The major changes faced by the company under his management has been provided in this part. Martin Shkreli is an American entrepreneur and pharmaceutical executive. He is co-founder and former CEO of Retrophin and Turing Pharmaceuticals. A widespread criticism was faced by him during September 2015 for when Turing obtained a license for drug Daraprim which raised the price of the drug from the US $ 13.5 to the US $ 750 per tablet (EVERYTHING YOU KNOW ABOUT MARTIN SHKRELI IS WRONGOR IS IT? 2015). He was invited on federal charges by FBI for securities fraud and was replaced with Ron Tiles by the board of Turing Pharmaceuticals. In may 2014 when shkreliwas part of Retrophin, the price of drug Thiola raised from $ 1.5 to $30 per pill (Carrier and et.al 2016), it was considered as almost conscious hike in the price of a tablet but even after his resignation, the price was not decreased rather an alternative tablet was launched against it for the same disease. Even a lawsuit of big amount approx sixty-five million dollars was filed against him for breaching his duty of loyalty in a long-running dispute over the use of funds of the company. After departure from Retrophin, he founded Turing Pharmaceuticals and set a business strategy to obtain a license on out- of- patient medicines and revalue the price of each without developing and bringing its own medicine to the market. The price of Daraprim as state above was increased and keeping with the revaluation strategy for pricing, tightly controlled distribution methodology was adopted by the company. The statutory compliance which was not followed by him and the complaints against him regarding not following the basic principals while performing his obligations have been discussed here: Corporate Governance is a framework of rules, process and relationship by which authority is controlled and exercised in corporations. Its structure establishes the role of the board and senior executives in eight principals (Erkens and et.al., 2012). All the rules have equal importance. Principal 2.deals with the basic need for integrity among board and senior executives who can influence the strategy and financial performance of company along with ethical decision making which is not only a legal obligation but also of the importance of stakeholders. The above discussed data is included in corporate governance statement in the annual report of the company (APPC "Audit Quality in Australia", 2012). According to Securities and Exchange Commission complaint was filed against Shkreli for playing a role as a portfolio manager for funds named as MSMB Capital Management of LP and MSMB Healthcare LP. He misappropriated the funds of the company by lawfully paying for food, clothing and medical expenses amounting $ 120000. The investors and prospective investors of MSMB management were misled by him that returns have been +35.77% when the same have been -18%( Clarke and Friedman, 2016). Many complaints have been filed against him for misleading the investors and for taking unethical decision for stakeholders. He has been charged with violating section 17(a)1 and 17(a) 2 of Securities Act 1933and section 10(b) of Securities Exchange Act 1934 (SEC Charges Martin Shkreli With Fraud, 2015). The base with its importance which should be created before initiating audit has been provided in this part.The implication to face in case of not following the ethical and auditing standard have been discussed. Analysis and research regard the effect of planning before execution of audit have been done for providing the better presentation. If I had eight hours to chop a tree, I would spend six in sharpening my axe the sharpening of the axe in context to auditing and auditors is the role of planning and execution in the audit. The execution can be successful only in case the things are made clear before its execution which can be possible only with strong planning. It is necessary because if planning is not done in an appropriate manner, the goal cannot be reached as the way to it will be full of obstacles (Wong and Millington, 2014). The audit standard applies to an audit of financial statements in accordance with corporations act 2001 and for any other purpose. It is the responsibility of auditor to develop a strategy for engagement of audit plan which includes assessment of important areas, resolve potential errors on a timely basis. If planning is done before execution of audit, the audit is performed in efficient and effective manner. It includes assessing the major areas of the entity, selection of appropriate members. According to ASA, 200 procedures should be performed to continue client relationship. An overall strategy should be prepared according to this SA to identify and explain the scope of the audit. The strategy regarding nature of communication required during the planning stage for proper execution of data and information delivery to the team members (Audit quality - The role of directors and audit committees, 2013). The Australian auditing standards are to be applied while auditing financial statements of an entity by the auditor. The overall objective of an auditor with its scope is dealt by this ASA. The objective of the audit is to increase the confidence of the user of the report. The same is achieved by giving an opinion regarding the true and fair status of the company in reference to financial statements (Brasel and et.al. 2016). The skills required to perform an audit in an efficient manner are professional judgement and professional scepticism. Professional judgement can be said as knowledge regarding ethical standards of auditing and experience within context to auditing and accounting which will help in taking effective decisions, As audit involves inherent risk and detective risk both, to associate transaction in relation to the risk it is necessary that explanation should be given to whole audit team in planning procedure (Auditing Standard ASA 200 Overall Objectives of the Independ ent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with Australian Auditing Standards, 2013). The auditor has to conduct an audit in accordance with Australian Accounting Standards. Hence it has to discuss information with the team regarding the relevant standard to the entity(Alzeban and Sawan,2016). If a strong base is created at the planning stage, it is easier to achieve the objective. Hence according to the saying, of the total time available a major part is invested in planning for efficient execution of work and also for accomplishing the objectives of the audit. References Hayes, R.M. 2014. Discussion of Audit committee financial expertise and earnings management: The role of status by Badolato, Donelson, and Ege (2014). Journal of Accounting and Economics. 58(2).Pp.231-239. Kannan, Y.H. and et.al. 2014. The impact of CEO and CFO equity incentives on audit scope and perceived risks as revealed through audit fees. Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory. 33(2).Pp.111-139. Lisic, L.L. and et.al. 2015. CEO Power, Internal Control Quality, and Audit Committee Effectiveness in Substance Versus in Form. Contemporary Accounting Research. Pitt, S.A. 2014. International standards for the professional practice of internal auditing. William Jr and et.al. 2016. Auditing and Assurance Services: A Systematic Approach. Auditing and Assurance Services: A Systematic Approach. Ghafran C. and O'Sullivan N. 2013. The governance role of audit committees: reviewing a decade of evidence. International Journal of Management Reviews. 15(4).Pp.381-407. Thompson, R.M. 2013. A Conceptual Framework of Potential Conflicts with the Role of the Internal Auditor in Enterprise Risk Management. Accounting and Finance Research. 2(3). Pp65. Tricker, B. 2015. Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA. Westphal, J.D. and Zajac, E.J. 2013. A behavioural theory of corporate governance: Explicating the mechanisms of socially situated and socially constituted agency. The Academy of Management Annals. 7(1). Pp.607-661. William Jr and et.al. 2016. Auditing and Assurance Services: A Systematic Approach. Auditing and Assurance Services: A Systematic Approach. APPC "Audit Quality in Australia". (2012). [Online]. Available through https://www.frc.gov.au/documents/publication/appc-audit-quality-in-australia-2014/. [Accessed on 13th September 2016] Carrier, M.A. and et.al, 2016. Using Antitrust Law to Challenge Turing's Daraprim Price Increase. Berkeley Technology Law Journal, Forthcoming. Clarke, C. and Friedman, H.H. 2016. 'Maximizing Shareholder Value': A Theory Run Amok. i-Manager's Journal on Management. 9(4). P.45. Erkens, D.H. and et.al.2012. Corporate governance in the 20072008 financial crisis: Evidence from financial institutions worldwide. Journal of Corporate Finance. 18(2). Pp.389-411. EVERYTHING YOU KNOW ABOUT MARTIN SHKRELI IS WRONGOR IS IT?. (2015).[Online]. Available through https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2015/12/martin-shkreli-pharmaceuticals-ceo-interview. [Accessed on 18th September 2016] SEC Charges Martin Shkreli With Fraud. (2015). [Online]. Available through https://www.sec.gov/news/pressrelease/2015-282.. [Accessed on 13th September 2016]. Alzeban, A. and Sawan, N. 2016. The Relationship between Adherence of Internal Audit with Standards and Audit Fees. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting. 14(1). Brasel, K.R. and et.al. 2016. Risk disclosure is preceding negative outcomes: The effects of reporting critical audit matters on judgments of auditor liability. The Accounting Review. Wong, R. and Millington, A. 2014. Corporate social disclosures: a user perspective on assurance. Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal. 27(5). Pp.863-887. Audit quality - The role of directors and audit committees. (2013). [Online]. Availablethrough https://asic.gov.au/regulatory-resources/financial-reporting-and-audit/auditors/audit-quality-the-role-of-directors-and-audit-committees/. [Accessed on 13th September 2016] Auditing Standard ASA 200 Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with Australian Auditing Standards. (2013). [Online].Available through https://www.auasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/Nov13_Compiled_Auditing_Standard_ASA_200.pdf. [Accessed on 13th September 2016]

Sugar Dbq free essay sample

Just as how sugar and its tropical imports were dependent on each other, the slave and sugar trades were as well. As long as sugar was in demand, so were the slaves. And as long as slaves were used, sugar would keep being produced. The only way sugar was produced was by slavery. Readers realize this statement is true when analyzing document H. The document contains a list of requirements when owning a five acre plantation. When owning a five acre plantation it is a requirement to own at least 300 slaves. Illustrations of African slaves working on sugar production are shown in Document J, which is composed of two illustrations. The first is an 1823 illustration of a plantation, where only African slaves worked. The slaves are planting and working on a field, and most of these slaves were male. The second illustration is of a mass sugar production in a nineteenth century boiling house circa 1820, again all of the slaves are African, and this time most of the slaves were women, but both the first and the second illustrations had overseers watching the slaves. We will write a custom essay sample on Sugar Dbq or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Clearly the most successful and beneficial plantations owned plenty of slaves, because more slaves equal more sugar produced, which in the end means more money. This was shown in document I, the wealthiest plantation owners owned at most 2,183 slaves in the 1830s. Additionally, because the African slaves were used regularly, they were not at as high of a price. The average price for a male West African Slave was sixteen euros in 1768, while the average price for a male British Caribbean slave was 41 euros in that same year. This shows how much African slaves were regularly used, if they weren’t used as often, they would be much higher in price like the Caribbean slaves. Everything has a consequence. The sugar trade’s success did come with a price. Because slaves became a requirement to sugar production, they didn’t have a nice lifestyle like we have today. A simple explanation of this is in document D, even though document D was written anonymously it is most likely that this author was a slave considering the biased tone, however, the document does not lie. If sugar was not consumed it would not be imported – if it were not imported it would not be cultivated, if it was not cultivated there would be an end to the slave trade; so that the consumer of sugar is really the prime mover, the grand cause of all the horrible injustice which attends the capture, of all the shocking cruelty which accompanies the treatment, of the wretched African Slave. † It becomes obvious in t his document that slavery wasn’t a happy life. Another consequence of the slave life is shown in document k. It is to the cheapness of the labour of these poor people that those costly and extensive works, which are necessary in a sugr plantation are derived. † Slaves were not paid for their labor, slaves only had an original price when sold to a master, after that slaves worked without pay. However slaves were not the only ones who lived with consequences. Document E explains the health consequences for consuming sugar. â€Å"Children greatly injure their gums and teeth by eating sugar, and sweet things, whereas (cavity filled) teeth and corroded gums are most evidently owing to improper food for children. Sugar if consumed too much, could affect the health of children and most likely adults as well. All in all, the sugar trade had consequences which included slavery and the health of the general public. In conclusion, The sugar trade was most successful due to the hi gh consumer demand and the slave trade. This is shown by the evidence of sugar’s addictive properties and its easy use as a sweetener with certain goods. However sugar does have its health and slavery issues, not allowing Africans and other slaves to live they life they deserve.

20 Expository Essay Topics on Alzheimer’s Disease

20 Expository Essay Topics on Alzheimer’s Disease This is the second part of our three-part guide. We are sure that the previous part 10 facts on Alzheimer’s disease for an expository essay proved to be very helpful in gathering research on the subject. It’s now time to assist you in locking on a single topic. There is just so much information to be found on Alzheimer’s disease and we understand it must be like picking a needle in a haystack. However, take a read at the topic suggestions below; we’ll tell you what to expect next. There’s also a sample essay waiting for you at the end of this guide. Here are 20 expository essay topics on Alzheimer’s disease: Causes of Alzheimer’s Disease Behavioral Problems of an Alzheimer’s Patient Americans and Alzheimer’s Disease: Why is it Becoming More Common? Effects on Families of Alzheimer’s Patients Vascular Dementia and its Connection with Alzheimer’s Disease How to Keep the Brain’s Blood Vessels Healthy? What Are the Symptoms of Mixed Dementia? How Alzheimer’s Affects the Brain and its Functions How Plaques and Tangles Form Affect the Brain Effects of Disrupted Nerve Cells Genetic Analysis and Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease Studying the APOE Gene to Understand How Alzheimers Spreads Alzheimer’s Disease in Latinos, African-Americans and White Americans Head Injuries and the Risks it Curtails with Regards to Future Alzheimer’s Diagnosis Things to Do to Avoid Alzheimer’s Disease in Future How Other Mental Disorders are Related to Alzheimer’s Disease Relevant Neurological Tests for Alzheimer’s Disease How to Care for an Alzheimer Patient Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease and its Relationship with Age Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer’s Disease We’re sure after going through these topics you must have come up with ten of your own already. The idea behind this list is to help you find the right train of thought, whether directly or indirectly, that is entirely up to you. The first part of this three-part guide was 10 facts on Alzheimer’s disease for an expository essay, while this part gave you 20 topic suggestion. The final part of this guide is how to outline an expository essay on Alzheimer’s disease† Through this guide you were able to come up with the research needed to write a great college essay and got to know a few interesting topics regarding Alzheimer’s disease. The last part of the guide discusses in detail how to write an expository essay on the subject. Before you get to the final guide though, here is a sample essay as promised: Sample Expository Essay: How to Care for an Alzheimer’s Patient It takes a lot of patience and flexibility to take care for an Alzheimers patient. Although there are ways to make it easier, in this essay we will concentrate on how the frustration or emotional stress endured by the patient can be reduced. There are a few steps that you can follow to help make the environment safer for both you and the Alzheimers patient. Whether you’re a professional caretaker or a family living with an Alzheimers patient, a lot of care and attention needs to be given to the patient. Alzheimer causes an individual to lose the ability to safely perform even the most routine daily tasks which only gets worse with time. You must see to it that they are able to demonstrate a certain degree of awareness and independence, as well as a sense of dignity. This is especially important since they are starting to become more dependent on you and your family members. It also gives the patient a sense of control and awareness even though there brain is in a deteriorating state. Your main goal is to reduce the frustration an Alzheimers patient goes through. When they see that the tasks that seemed so simple and effortless earlier have become extremely difficult, they’ll need some to help ease the agitation and mental anguish. One of the foremost things you can do is maintain a routine, which can make each day less agitating and frustrating. Alzheimers patients are not completely incapable mentally, and it’s still possible for them to learn (or relearn) certain routines. The best solution for a safe and stress-free environment is to schedule every task down to medical appointments and bathing timings, which must be done when the patient is at their sharpest. And don’t forget to plan the schedule strategically so that there is ample room for anything that should require a spontaneous reaction and on-the-spot solution. If you’re a family member then you need to realize that everything will take more time than it did before. If you’re doing something together then you’ll have to give the patient regular breaks. If you can, schedule the task while taking these breaks in account. Never underestimate them the recuperative abilities of the patient; if you see them doing something they are confident in doing themselves, let them do it without any assistance. Some patients might still have their mind-muscle memory intact. Encourage them to complete activities on their own such as changing clothes or setting up the table themselves. It is important that you provide the patient with a plethora of choices. Keeping a schedule too restricted or making them stay in a room for too long is more damaging than safe, and can even lead to a faster mental decline. Make sure you are offering patients plenty of flexibility to move around and engage in different activities so long as they pose no danger to their wellbeing. For example, If it’s coffee you’re offering, ask them if they would like it hot or cold or if you’re going to the movies, ask them which movie they’d prefer to see. Find ways to keep the patient engaged and occupied, but have sufficient variety while you’re at it. Doing the same thing over day in and day isn’t very healthy for the patient or those providing care, for that matter. The instructions that you give to the patient need to be simple. If they don’t understand what’s being communicated to them, simply rephrase or give them simpler instructions. While they are performing any given task, make sure that there are little to no distractions; if they are having a meal, turn off the TV and have a conversation about the meal instead. References: Agronin, M. (2014). Alzheimers disease and other dementias : a practical guide. New York: Routledge, Taylor Francis Group. Davis, R. Davis, B. (1989). My journey into Alzheimers disease. Wheaton, Ill: Tyndale House Publishers. Mast, B. (2014). Second forgetting : remembering the power of the gospel during Alzheimers disease. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan. Newport, M. (2011). Alzheimers disease : what if there was a cure? : the story of ketones. Laguna Beach, CA: Basic Health Publications. Callone, P. (2006). A caregivers guide to Alzheimers disease : 300 tips for making life easier. New York: Demos Medical Pub.Fife, B. (2011). Stop Alzheimers now! : how to prevent and reverse dementia, Parkinsons, ALS, multiple sclerosis, and other neurodegenerative disorders. Colorado Springs, CO: Piccadilly Books. Newport, M. (2011). Alzheimers disease : what if there was a cure? : the story of ketones. Laguna Beach, CA: Basic Health Publications. Poirier, J., Gauthier, S. Sandilands, B. (2014). Alzheimers disease : the complete introduction. Toronto: Dundurn.

Family Value Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Family Value Paper - Essay Example In this essay I will examine how families promote the health of their members and how nurses can use families to help improve the health of hospital-bound patients. Family can have many definitions but it usually refers to immediate relations such as a mother, father, brother, sister, spouse or child. All of the individuals through their love of one another can provide maximum support and encouragement to a patient. They can also provide a standard of care that it may not be possible for even the most well-trained nurse to provide. Because of this important fact and because of the role of nurses in coordinating a patient’s care, it is important for nurses to communicate clearly and compassionately to family members. But there is more a nurse can do. Nurses can actually train family members to provide basic care to patients and to provide help to nursing staff at difficult times. Although a nurse will have the final responsibility for the care a patient gets from the hospital—and it is important for nurses to stay at the centre of this web—by communicating and â€Å"deputizing† family members, nurses can maximize the quality of care a patient receives. While doing this, it is important to always keep the patient’s best interests at heart. Although the majority of family members are caring and have good intentions towards their relations it is also possible some family members may increase a patient’s stress levels or be generally detrimental to a patient’s health. This is surely one of the most difficult situations for a nurse: deciding who can and can’t see a patient. Although some family members will claim unlimited access to a patient, nurses must decide what is appropriate and what is not. They perceived nurses as providers of technical care and they perceived themselves as having an important role in providing social and emotional care. Families

Corporate Strategy Analyis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate Strategy Analyis paper - Essay Example However, Jobs cannot be labeled as the easiest individual to deal with. In fact, it has been reported that he can often be quite difficult. His style is temperamental overall, and this can have an effect on the business overall. If the person everyone in the company looks to is often changing moods and demanding certain items, it can create a lot of overall stress in the workplace and in the company itself. This is not necessarily the best management model to enforce when wanting to get things done. However, it does appear to be the strategy most often used by Jobs. Some have claimed that Steve Jobs learned this aggressive and dominant type of management from his adoptive father, Paul Jobs. Paul Jobs has also been labeled as a dominant type of person. For instance, he worked for a finance company and collected on auto loans, sometimes using his own force to do so. He had been a large man, and he was also aggressive, so he had the right characteristics for this type of job. Steve Jobs, however, has had a very good overall vision for his company. He has wanted Apple’s products to be the leaders in the new technology age. He has had success doing this; for instance, with the introduction of the ipod and the iphone. He certainly has a strong focus on innovative technology, and this management style has ensured success in his company. However, whether or not the way he approaches â€Å"getting things done† is the best way to handle his employees is still up for some questioning and analysis. Another problem Jobs has had to face is his battle with pancreatic cancer. This affected him in 2004 when he underwent surgery, and it also appears to be coming back to haunt him once again. His health has been a primary concern in the Apple industry. Since Jobs has had many innovative ideas and has done a lot for the company, the concern for his health is apparent. However,

Writing a Rabbi Sermon Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Writing a Rabbi Sermon - Research Paper Example The word Hanukkah signifies re-dedication and celebrates the Jews fight for religious sovereignty. Hanukkah is the celebration of Lights for the Jews, and it goes back to more than two thousand years before the start of Christianity. The Jews light the Menorah to commemorate the time when the Maccabees regained back the control of the Holy Temple from their captors. The conquerors had done nasty things to taint the Temple, including bringing gods; the Maccabees re-established the cleanliness and the service of the house of G-d. The Maccabees had only one small flask of the special olive oil in their possession which they used for lighting the large golden Menorah. Unbelievably, the little bottle was used for eight days. Three different blessings are recited before lighting on the first night of Chanukah; the modern day Rabbis can also recite the blessings in their families. The three blessings are: The Chanukah menorah is put on after nightfall; it implies that every Jewish role is to light the darkness of the world. It can be hard for rabbis to identify with godliness in their daily lives, but Chanukah reminds everyone that the light of understanding can shine brightly. The Chanukah light can be lit in the doorway or front window in order for it to be seen by people passing on the street. It teaches all believers that it is not sufficient to bring light into their private domain; they must spread the light of Torah to other people as well, to the degree that their influence can go. For every night of Chanukah, participants added light to the menorah, till the lamps shone on the last night. It symbolizes that in issues concerning holiness; every person should always be increasing. Each additional flame must signify added strength in solidifying our dedication to the significances and customs of the Jewish way of life. Every day must be used to rededicate our lives to a noble course that signifies our faith. As Chanukah is a holiday of re-dedication, we

The Price Of Elasticity Of Supply Economics Essay

The Price Of Elasticity Of Supply Economics Essay The price of elasticity of supply assesses the sensitiveness of the quantity supplied to a change in the price of a good when all other influences on selling plans remain constant. It can be calculated by using the formula: PES = Percentage change in quantity supplied Percentage change in price The two determinants of price elasticity of supply are resource substitution possibilities and time frame for the supply decision (Parkin 9th edition pg97): For resource substitution possibilities, it means that only some goods and services can be produced only by using special or rare productive resources. Such items have low and sometimes even zero elasticity of supply because items like that are hard to be substituted. For example, cars and tyres. As the price of rubber rises, the quantity supplied will reduce by only a little because people still need tyres for their cars. It is difficult to find another raw material for tyre because the input factor of production is rare and therefore, the price elasticity of supply will be inelastic. The second determinant is time respond for the supply decision. For instance planting maize. It takes a few months to produce maize that even if the price changes, the farmer will not be able to do anything. Reason being so is that when the price of maize fluctuates, the time taken for maize production will remain constant. Thus, the price elasticity of supply will be inelastic if the production is long. Price QS 40% 20% S Based on the diagram, it shows that price increase is greater than the quantity supplied. The two determinants of price elasticity of supply are resource substitution and time frame for supply decision. Part B Price elasticity of demand (PED) is a unit free measure of the responsiveness of the quantity demanded of a good to a change in price, when all other determinants on buying plans remain the same. The formula used to calculate PED is(Parkin, 9th edition pg 86): PED = Percentage change in quantity demanded Percentage change in price Businesses use the price elasticity concept to decide on their pricing strategy based on three ranges of elasticity namely inelastic, elastic and unit elastic demand. When the percentage decrease in quantity demanded is less than percentage increase in price, it is said to be an elastic demand. Goods that are categorized under inelastic are considered necessities and therefore when business increase the price to obtain more revenue, the demand will still be there. An example would be smokers and cigarettes. If the price of cigarettes is now rm10 a pack, quantity demanded is 50 but when price increase to rm15 a pack, quantity demanded becomes 45. The above diagram is an example of the relationship between the change in quantity demanded and change in price. The elasticity is more than zero but less than one, which means it is inelastic and smokers will still continue buying cigarettes despite the price increase. When the percentage decrease in quantity demanded but greater than one exceeds the percentage increase in price, then it is an elastic demand. Goods that have an elastic demand are luxury goods because the goods have many substitutes, for example Nike shoes. If the price is rm200, then quantity demanded is 100 but once the price increases to rm220, the quantity demanded will fall to 70. This is because the customers can resort to other brands. The elasticity is more than one which means customers are sensitive to the change in price. The diagram shows that even though the price increases only by a little bit, but the quantity demanded decreased by a lot because goods like that can be substituted easily. When the percentage decrease in quantity demanded equals to the percentage increase in price, then it is a unit elastic demand. In cases like that, businesses should neither increase nor decrease the price of goods because a change in price will change the quantity demanded. An example would be chewing gum. The initial price is rm1, and quantity demanded is 200 but once the price increases to rm2, the quantity demanded will decrease to 100. By using the concept of price elasticity, businesses can decide whether to increase price (inelastic demand), reduce price (elastic demand) or not to change the price (unit elastic demand) in order to maximize revenue. Question 3 One of the factors of supply is the prices of factors of production. A decrease in price of production will directly correlate to an increase in supply. This is because if the price of a factor of production used to produce a good decreases the minimum price that a supplier is willing to accept for producing each quantity of those good decreases. So a decrease in the price of a factor of production decreases supply and shifts the supply curve rightward. Another factor is the price of related goods produced. A substitute in production of a good is another good that can be produced using the same resources. The supply of a good increase if the price of a substitute in production falls. Goods are complements in production if they must be produced together. The supply of a good increase if the price of a complement in production rises. Expected future prices are another determinant of an increase in supply. If the price of a good is expected to decrease in the future, the supply of the g ood today increases and the supply curve shifts leftward. b) A price ceiling or price cap is a regulation that makes it illegal to charge a price higher than a specific level. If the price ceiling is set above the equilibrium price, it has no effect. The market works as if there were no ceiling in the first place. Inversely, if the ceiling were to be set below the equilibrium, its effects are far greater. If the level of price equilibrium is above the price ceiling, in order to achieve price equilibrium one would have to enter to illegal region. Other mechanisms thus come into place in order to eliminate the shortage created by the price cap. Search activity and black markets are some of those mechanisms and consumers are willing to pay a higher price in order to obtain the goods due to the shortage. A price ceiling decreases the quantity supplied to a less efficient quantity resulting in a deadweight loss. A further shrink in consumer and producer surplus further enhances the potential loss from search activity. A price floor is a regulati on that makes it illegal to trade at a price lower than a specific level. If it is set below the equilibrium price, there is no effect. Effect only takes place if set above the equilibrium price. Price floor leads to an inefficient outcome. A minimum price is set above the equilibrium and decreases the quantity demanded. A deadweight loss thus arises due to a decrease in consumer and producer surplus. Question 5 Part A Demand refers to the quantity of a good that potential buyers would be willing and able to buy or attempt to buy at a different price level. The law of demand states that there is an inverse relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded in a defined time period. Quantity demanded of a good or service is the amount that consumers plan to buy during a given time period at a particular price.(McConnell,Brue Flynn Economics 18th edition) A decrease in demand will result in a leftward shift in the graph and there are six main factors influencing it. The first factor is the prices of related goods. Assume if a comparison is made between hamburger and hot dog. If the price of a substitute for hamburger rises, people buy less of the substitute and more hamburgers. The demand for hamburger will rise and demand for hot dogs will fall. Then there is also complement which is a good that is used in conjunction with another. For example, fries and hamburgers. If the price for hamburger increases, people will not buy so much fries and hamburgers. There will be a decrease in demand. The next factor is expected future prices. If a good, for now will decrease because people would want to buy it at a cheaper price. The third factor is income. When income rises, consumer will buy more goods but when it decreases, they will buy less of those goods. A normal good is one for which demand increases as income increases. Inferior good is one when demand will decrease as income increases. Next factor that will decrease a demand is when expected future income and credit falls. For example, when a sales person knows her income will fall in the future, she will have to spend wisely and not splurge on goods. Another factor is when the population decreases. For example in the 1990s in America, a decrease in the college-age population decrease the demand for college places. Lastly would be preference. If there is poor or no environmental awareness, it will shift the demand curve for recycled items or even eco-friendly bags to the left. The diagram shows a leftward shift on the demand curve. Unlike the demand curve, the quantity demanded curve will bring an upward movement on the diagram, instead of a shift and the only factor that influences it is price with all other determinants on buying plans remain constant. According to the new law of demand, higher price will cause a decrease in demand. From the diagram, a decrease in quantity demanded will cause an upward movement when price rise from P0 to P1, quantity demanded falls from QD2 to QD1. An example would be the rise of price of apple from P0 to P1. It will decrease the quantity demanded to QD1. There are a few differences between a decrease in demand and decrease in quantity demanded. First, decrease in demand will show a leftward shift in the graph but decrease in quantity demanded shows an upward movement. There are six factors influencing the demand to decrease but only one that influence the quantity demand; price. Part B Income elasticity of demand (YED) is the ratio of percentage change in the quantity demanded of a good or service to a given percentage change in income. YED indicates the responsiveness of demand to change of household income. To calculate YED.(McConnell,Brue Flynn Economics 18th edition) : YED = Percentage change in quantity demanded Percentage change in householdà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s income The three degrees of YED are positive, negative and zero. For positive YED, it is further categorized into two types which are income inelastic (01). For income inelastic, the percentage increase in quantity demanded is positive but less than the percentage increase in income. When the demand for a good is income inelastic, the percentage of income spent on that good decreases as income increases. Those will be considered normal goods such as clothes, food and travel. But for income elastic demand, the percentage increase in quantity demanded exceeds the percentage increase in income. When the demand for a good is income elastic, the percentage of income spent on that good increases as income increases. For example, if the price of a doughnut is constant and 9 doughnuts an hour are bought. So when income rises from rm975 to tm1025 a week, the quantity of doughnuts sold rise to 11 an hour, ceteris paribus. The change in quantity demanded is 2 and the average quantity is 10 doughnuts, so the quantity demanded increases by 20% and the change in income is tm50 and the average is rm1000 so income increases by 5%. The income elasticity of demand for doughnut is: 20% = 4% 5% Therefore, it is said that the income elasticity demand for pizza is elastic. Next is negative YED (YED Question 6 Equilibrium is a situation in which opposing forces balance each other out. Equilibrium in a market occurs when the price balances the plans of buyers and sellers. The equilibrium price is the price at which the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied. Consumer surplus is defined as the value of a good minus the price paid for it, summed over the quantity bought. It is measured by the area under the demand curve and above the price paid, up to the quantity bought. Producer surplus is determined by subtracting the marginal cost from the price received for a good and summed over the quantity sold. It is measured by the area below the market price and above the supple curve. b.) The production possibility frontier (PPF) marks the boundary between the combination of goods and services that can be produced. There are four assumptions that are made which are the economy is efficient, there are a fixed amount of resources, a fixed level of technology and there are only two goods. In order to achieve efficiency there must be full employment and full production. The opportunity cost of an activity is the value of the next best alternative that must be forgone to undertake the activity. Scarcity is a situation where there is not enough resources to produce enough a good to satisfy the needs of the consumers. Choice occurs when scarcity forces consumers to make a choice in order to maximise satisfaction. PPF illustrates these three principles of economics; choice, scarcity and opportunity cost. Because of scarcity, a society has to make choices between the productions of two goods with scarce resources available. Most choice involves opportunity costs. Referencing Parkin.M, Economics 9th edition ,Pearson International Edition McConnell,Brue Flynn Economics 18th edition

Free Hamlet Essays: A Freudian Reading of Hamlet :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

A Freudian Reading of Hamlet  Ã‚  Ã‚      There are many different theories in the world today. The theory that will be discussed in the following paragraphs is the Oedipus Theory, and how it relates to Hamlet. So what are we talking about again?! What I mean is did hamlet have true romantic feelings for his mother? Well I don’t know, am I him?! No seriously this messed up guy was going through a lot, his dad died and came to him as a ghost, his mother married his uncle, his girl jumped off a bridge and his buds are back-stabbers! Come on now what would you be like after all that? Oh ya my topic is his relationship with his mother! Oops! So what is the Oedipus theory again? Well its all this crazy thinking by this cool cat guy named Freud! Wow what character! Well what this guy thought was that boys have unconscious sexual motives for our mommy’s! Ya that nice woman who blows you kisses, makes cookies, and buys your clothes. That’s right! Well before you right Freud off as a weirdo think about it! I sure did and in the following paragraphs, you will see how I get the feeling that Freud is right, (in this one) and Hamlet did have such unconscious motives for his mother.   Ã‚  Ã‚   It was Freud himself who, in an essay published in 1905, was the first to try and resolve in psychoanalytical terms the enigma offered by Hamlet’s behaviour. According to Freud, the personal crisis undergone by Hamlet awakens his repressed incestuous and parricidal desires. The disgust which the remarriage of his mother arouses in him, as well as the violent behaviour during their confrontation in the queen’s bedroom, are signs of the jealousy which he constantly experiences, even if unconsciously. The bedroom scene is one example amongst many of Hamlet’s aversion to sexuality, which he more often than not associates with vulgarity and sickness. Despite his violent reactions, he is nonetheless fundamentally incapable of acting, Freud tells us, because he cannot bring himself to avenge himself on the man who has killed his father and taken his place at the side of his mother. These are some pretty strong influences that would make a person nutty donâ €™t you think? Well how about some evidence from the text hunh? Sure no problem! The Ghost's announcement that the father's death is a great example.

Literature and Life

The magic of reading is that it brings you to another place and feeling. At times it can make you smile with character, and other times make you cry with him. Sometimes it may even allow the reader to identify with the characters. Reality can often be a lot like a piece of literature, in that a person may be going through the exact same thing, or something similar, and be feeling the same way. It is effortless to view the tough and unspoken racism demonstrated in Nadine Gordimer’s â€Å"Country Lovers† as well as how the girl feels in Patricia Smith’s What It’s Like to Be a Black Girl (For Those of You Who Aren’t).In both readings you get a sense of the hardship the characters faced because of racism, the things that people may do or allow to happen because it is so hard. Racism is something that we see, hear about, and maybe even experience in our everyday lives. It may be something that we do not speak about, just like in the short story â€Å"Co untry Lovers. â€Å" The main characters Paul us and Thebedi were raised together since they were kids, Paulus was a white boy and Thebedi, a black girl. They played together and spent most of their childhood days with one another.As time goes by and they begin to grow up and the distance between the two also grow apart. However, the bond created between them as children is still there. Both Paulus’ and Thebedi’s parents never forbad them from seeing each other but there was always this unspoken knowledge that they knew it was wrong because they always seemed to be hiding the fact that they did spend time together. An example of this would be when Paulus came home from school and brought Thebedi a gift â€Å"She told her father the missus had given them to her as a reward for some works she had done-it was true she sometimes was called to help out in the farmhouse.She told the girls in the kraal that she had a sweetheart nobody knew about† (Clugston, 2010). Bot h Paulus and Thebedi know that it is not okay to hold on to the relationship they had as kids. But they cannot help the feelings that have grown for each other over the years. â€Å"The schoolgirls he went swimming with at dams or pools on neighboring farms wore bikinis but the sight of their dazzling bellies and thighs in the sunlight had never made him feel what he felt now when the girl came up the bank and sat beside him, the drops of water beading off her dark legs the only points of life in the earth-smelling deep shade.They were not afraid of one other; they had known one other always† (Clugston, 2010). They had strong feelings for one another and consummated them by having sexual relations. This went on for a while, and eventually Thebedi became pregnant. At this point her hand was asked for in marriage by Njabulo, since they had already had sexual relations her now husband did not question her being pregnant. â€Å"The infant was very light and did not quickly grow dark as most African babies do. Already at birth, there was on its head a quantity of straight, fine floss† (Clugston, 2010).When Paulus found out that Thebedi had a baby, and that it was his, he didn’t want anyone to find out. â€Å"Don't take it out. Stay inside. Can't you take it away somewhere? You must give it to someone—† (Clugston, 2010). Because in the time period interracial relationships were looked down upon, and were unacceptable, Paulus felt like he had to do something before anyone found out the baby was his. When Paulus came to see the baby the next time Thebedi stayed outside as he killed their baby. The authorities came because they had heard there was a white looking child that was killed and brought charges against Paulus.There was not enough evidence to convict but the fact of the matter is that he killed his child and Thebedi did nothing to stop it. Thebedi could have prevented the baby’s death but seems to feel powerless agains t Paulus. I believe there is also a part of her that feels this way is better for everyone, this way they don’t have to deal with the reality of their baby and how socially unacceptable it is. At the same time, I can’t imagine it being easy knowing her baby, with the man she had extreme feelings for, is now dead and he is the one responsible.I believe even women today sometimes feel powerless against their men. I don’t think it would be taken to the extent of killing a child, but some men dictate the relationship and how things should be. Even though interracial relationships are more socially acceptable nowadays, it is still difficult sometimes for people of different races to be together. Another instance of racism is shown in the poem What It’s Like To Be a Black Girl (For Those of You Who Aren’t) by Patricia Smith. Although this one is shown in a different way.In the poem the author describes what a girl has to do to be acceptable in the world as a black girl. â€Å"Its dropping food coloring in your eyes to make them blue and Suffering their burn in silenceâ€Å" (Clugston, 2010). Because she is a black girl and in certain periods in time white people seemed to reigned supreme she tried to make herself look more socially acceptable, even at the cost of injuring herself. This poem shows the girl desiring to be white and to fit in to that life, where she an walk around without being judged and looked down upon. It's popping a bleached white mophead over the kinks of your hair and primping in front of mirrors that deny your reflection† (Clugston, 2010). Just another example of putting yourself through pain to feel more accepted and not even wanting to see yourself the way you are because you feel ashamed. At the end of the poem, the young girl seems to feel more accepting of the fact she is black, even though she does not feel it is any easier at that point. â€Å"it's flame and fists and life according to Motownâ €  (Clugston, 2010). She has accepted that her life is following the way of her culture.It is not easy though and she must keep her guard, and her fists up. The poem, to me shows the struggles of a young girl because of societies view of people. It makes her life harder than it should be because of peoples ignorance about race and what everyone should be like. Racism is ugly and sometimes makes people feel like they need to change themselves to be accepted. The girl was trying to lead a different life, one in which she was not judged and everyone would accept her. In both of these readings the authors showed the struggles people face because of racism.There are many different ways racism affects people’s lives, in the first story â€Å"Country Lovers† it was in a horrible way where an innocent child was murdered so no one would find out the love two people shared because it was socially unacceptable for the time. In The poem by Patricia Smith, the girl also injured herself to make herself acceptable. Both of these stories show the horrible things people do because of racism. It is not fair that an innocent child, who never knew any better had to die or that a young girl must physically hurt herself to change in order for things to be okay.There are times where life imitates literature, maybe the author used real experiences of people or situations that have happened or what they believe can happen. I am sure that when racism was extremely prevalent people did try to change themselves, all while hurting themselves or others. Nowadays racism is still around, maybe not to the degree of what the readings spoke about but t is definitely here and horrible things happen because of it. Things such s hate crimes and murder, as well as people having procedures to change their appearance. I am sure we will see these things until the day everyone accepts each other the way they are.

Ptlls Ground Rules Essay Example

Ptlls Ground Rules Essay Example Ptlls Ground Rules Essay Ptlls Ground Rules Essay Analyse different ways in which you would establish ground rules with your learners, which underpin behaviour and respect for others. How I would establish ground rules for learners would depend on age and experience of the learning group. I would expect an older and more experienced group of learners to be more mature and establish ground rules based on how they would expect people to behave in a group-learning environment, for example a popular mantra is â€Å"treat others how you would expect to be treat yourself†. Ground rules provides a structure for people who may be nervous about returning to an educational environment, as they know what to expect and what is expected from them. Treating the group as adults, and respecting their opinions would be a personal ground rule. However, some ground rules may need flexibility. For example, learners with vocal Tourette syndrome would be excused from using industrial language during outbursts. As a teacher, I would ask the group to contribute to the rules. This can be used following an ice breaking session, allowing the students to grow within the group by providing their thoughts, and discussing some rules which may not be as popular as others. This, according to Gravells, in â€Å"Preparing to teach in the lifelong learning sector† (2008) is believed to be one of the best ways of establishing the rules, and preventing future class disruption. If any rule were not unanimous, a vote amongst the learning group would decide on inclusion or omission. Unfortunately, some rules will be forced upon the group, e. g. health and safety, and these should be made known prior to the ground rule discussion, so the group can consider them. Another would be punctuality. This is important as disruption from one group member could taint the learning environment for all.

The Baytown Coffee Company Analysis Essay

The Baytown Coffee Company Analysis Essay The Baytown Coffee Company in Canada Analysis Essay The Baytown Coffee Company in Canada Analysis Essay Nobody would argue with the fact that small business is a comprising element of macroeconomics. Small business does not necessarily mean that a corporate size is not enormous, while number of employees and turnovers are limited to a certain extent. Nevertheless, small business can expand itself in foreign market and address a global context of its performance. International performance presupposes entering some foreign market, which is why such process is considered to be a matter of international marketing. Many organisations deploy international marketing, but only a few firms manage to estimate a foreign market appropriately and perform successfully overseas. One of such companies is The Baytown Coffee Company. Thus, the following report of a case study demonstrates that a small company can enter foreign markets and establish a profitable performance. PESTLE Analysis A choice of the company can be justified by the fact that it manages to operate with relatively small number of employees and deliver products of high quality. Thus, the successful performance should be analyzed as long as the findings will provide valuable knowledge regarding best practices in small and medium marketing. The company focuses itself on unusual product positioning so that effectiveness of such marketing strategy could contribute much to the current knowledge of marketing in small and medium businesses. Moreover, product positioning is important not only to marketing strategy of The Baytown Coffee Company but also to the other aspects of the firm. Thus, a choice of the company is well-justified. At the same time, the company manages to produce certain social impacts. As a result, the influence on the entire success of the business has to be taken into account, as well. Regarding all the above-represented points, the company is particularly interesting for the UK market, which is why such relation can also be traced. Politics To speak about a political factor of the company’s marketing strategy, no influence in political terms can be indicated. As a matter of fact, small business is not influenced by political changes, while medium and big companies can be affected by a certain political state within the country. In the same way, no recent political debates were observed regarding the issue of small businesses and coffee retailing industry. Small business is always protected by the government, which is why The Baytown Coffee Company has a strong political agenda. Such advantage can be traced not only in the United Kingdom but also in the majority of Western countries. Therefore, the firm may rely on a sufficient governmental loyalty in the country, as well as abroad (Abbott 2015). As a result, the political aspect of the company’s marketing is relatively positive as an appropriate political agenda is present for The Baytown Coffee Company on almost global level. Economics As for a factor of economics, a situation cannot be judged from a single perspective. A current taxation situation may occur to be comparatively difficult for the company as long as the country is facing certain problems in the national economy. In addition, the European Union is in a moderate adverse economic state so that such issues as employment, expenditures, investments, and purchasing capacity of potential customers are not mainly favourable for The Baytown Coffee Company marketing strategy (Leonard 2015). The current state of economics makes the company reconsider its strategic orientation and marketing strategy (Leonard 2015). In addition, the national market of coffee industry is facing a relative overgrowth so that a value of products is initially decreased. Conversely, the United Kingdom obtains a meaningful transportation system. Consequently, The Baytown Coffee Company has an opportunity to create a developed supply chain. Overall, economic situation is relatively dubio us, which is why the firm has to pay a substantial attention to risk management. Social Factor In regards to a social aspect of The Baytown Coffee Company’s marketing strategy, a positive social trend can be admitted. Coffee is a popular drink and there is a global trend on it worldwide, since it is associated with being modern, trendy, and stylish. Moreover, the majority of workers, especially office employees, prefer drinking coffee as a way to energize them. Needless to say, such trend can be actively used for a better positioning of the company’s products. Coffee contributes much to a mass culture so that its branding, as well as positioning provides a sufficient space for creativity and ways to make the company noticeable. Thus, a social factor is extremely positive for The Baytown Coffee Company as long as it presupposes a wide range of marketing opportunities for the company (Stationery Office 2012). The trend on coffee seems to last for a long period, which is why the firm is ensured about its target segment to a sufficient extent. Technology The Baytown Coffee Company has a meaningful expertise in coffee industry as long as some of its owners belong to the entire dynasty of coffee entrepreneurs. Therefore, the company has an opportunity to utilise various approaches to production, storage, and distribution of coffee. Moreover, The Baytown Coffee Company can establish an effective supply chain as it cooperates with many supplying companies worldwide. In such way, a well-developed technology is an obvious competitive advantage of The Baytown Coffee Company, which can be used for a foreign market entry as long as leadership in technology places the firm under more beneficial circumstances even in a market with a stronger competition (Schmid 2005). Besides, the organisation managed to create a simple but attractive website, which can potentially become a platform for an advanced e-commerce (Schmid 2005). Such opportunity is also useful for a market entry as the firm will receive an opportunity to present its products before their entry to a physical market. Legal Factor It is becoming increasingly apparent that The Baytown Coffee Company does not have any specific issues regarding the U.K., as well as international law. Such perspective, however, should be paid an appropriate attention to, especially in case The Baytown Coffee Company is planning to enter some foreign markets. As it has already been mentioned, a strong political agenda is ensured for a small business in the United Kingdom and in the majority of Western countries. As a result, The Baytown Coffee Company is not likely to face any legal limitations in the nearest future (Christiansen 2014). Therefore, a legal perspective does not imply any negative outcomes and unintended consequences. Environmental Factor Concerning sustainability of the company, The Baytown Coffee Company can be regarded as entirely environmentally-friendly firm. It manages to develop a strategy of social, economic, and environmental sustainability. First of all, the industry of the firm presupposes a direct care for the environment as growing coffee plantations is obviously a positive impact on the environment (Marmol 2015). Likewise, The Baytown Coffee Company provides a meaningful workplace for many people with learning disabilities so that social sustainability is also gained. As long as the company establishes partnerships with international coffee suppliers, The Baytown Coffee Company contributes much to the economy of the countries that are represented by the specific companies. As a result, a complete sustainability of the firm’s performance is positively reflected in its marketing strategy as The Baytown Coffee Company is not limited by any environmental regulations and is always provided with a workf orce (Marmol 2015). Hence, its production design is stable and capable of operating on a regular basis. Comprehensive Discussion The company is particularly interesting for a comprehensive analysis as it has many chances to enter a foreign market with is minimal number of employees and turnover. The firm includes only four workers, who are actual owners of the business. The company’s turnover ranges from 15 to 27 million Euros. It is a sufficient basis for entering Canada market as The Baytown Coffee Company is able to compete there and win a comparatively big share. In addition, the company potentially can expand itself overseas throughout providing some of English cuisine like muffins, scones, and various sorts of tea. Since it is a distinct cultural reference to England, it will be a strong product positioning at the Canadian market. In a similar manner, menu of the company can be expanded as horizontal growth is not sufficient for a foreign market entry (Hollensen 2012). The Baytown Coffee Company obtains enough experience to find the best matches to already traded coffee so that the entire product system could be created. Thus, the firm needs to enter the market, since it has all capabilities for a successful performance overseas. However, production and distribution of new products may face certain issues from a legal perspective, which is why The Baytown Coffee Company needs to consider the international, as well as Canadian law. At the same time, the PESTLE analysis suggests that small business has a positive political agenda worldwide, which results in the fact that the firm is likely to experience minimal problems with contracting and shipment of its new products (Hollensen 2012). On the contrary, some products, such as cakes, muffins, and other bakery cannot be shipped to Canada. As a result, it is reasonable to open a coffee shop or an outlet (Hollensen 2012). The shop will have a competitive advantage because it is owned by a supplier so that delivery and availability will be always supported. In addition, it is a strong marketing method, since average people will be able to try the firm’s coffee and English cuisine. Needless to say, Canada implies certain opportunities for The Baytown Coffee Co mpany due to the fact that a little evidence of English culture can be traced in Canada. Besides, specific climate conditions presuppose that people would like to drink coffee more often as this drink provides a warming effect. Thus, a target audience will be relatively wide in Canada. The choice of Canada market can be also justified by the fact that it is less demanding regarding legal perspective of a small business. For instance, the United States presupposes a wide range of licenses and standards for a small business even though it is attempting to promote it on the federal level. Canadian market is relatively loyal to a small business, and it is a particular benefit for the firm as it will need some official help. The government of Canada is also interested in attraction of foreign companies. Furthermore, the U.S. market is very wide resulting in the fact that The Baytown Coffee Company will face much more difficulties with competition due to the fact that coffee industry is extremely developed in the United States. Canadian economy is particularly oriented at heavy industry and technologies so that most of the business is presented with public enterprises. Canada obtains one of the most flexible environments for private businesses. Therefore, The Baytown Cof fee Company will have an opportunity to perform there successfully, especially in regards to the fact that Canada also lacks small businesses and a size of coffee industry market is relatively small (Hollensen 2012). $785 million imports can be traced annually in Canada. Hence, the market entry is beneficial for the firm. As it has been already mentioned, Canadian market is more attractive because it does not imply much of local competition. Thus, foreign competitors are placed in the same circumstances as The Baytown Coffee Company. The firm possesses distinct and strong competitive advantages, and Canadian market environment is favourable for the company’s performance. Nevertheless, the issue of currency difference can emerge. That is why, it is appropriate to operate Canadian branches with U.S. dollars as it is a widespread currency there, and the market is a potential platform for a further expansion of the company (Hollensen 2012). The Baytown Coffee Company may have multiple bank accounts for its Canadian and British branches. Consequently, it creates a situation when the difference in currency will not pose a difficulty to the company’s transactions. As a consequence, Canadian branches need to find smart and responsible managers. It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the fact that the managers have to be Canadian citizens. Moreover, it is desirable that they have certain experience in coffee business in Canada so that the foreign branches of The Baytown Coffee Company can be managed with the best judgement of Canadian coffee market. Our SamplesThe best way to know how to write good essays is by getting a sample of an essay from competent experts online. We can give you the essay examples you need for future learning. Free Essay Examples are here. Staff recruitment is especially hard task for The Baytown Coffee Company as it does not involve any external workforce. That is why, the firm is recommended to hire some consulting organization for assistance in recruiting new employees for Canadian branches. Needless to say, the consulting firm has to be also Canadian. In spite of the assumption that big cities presuppose more investments and incomes for business, The Baytown Coffee Company should locate its first outlet is a small or medium city in order to learn about Canadian market environment and customer behaviour (Hollensen 2012). In addition, small cities do not imply a strong competition, which is not desirable for the first stage of the market entry. The costs for the branch opening should not exceed a specific margin that is supposed to be developed beforehand. Risk management should be also applied as The Baytown Coffee Company will be especially vulnerable at the period of the market entry (Hollensen 2012). Eventually, attraction of customers can be conducted throughout advertising, promotion in social media, and various initiatives as public degustation of coffee, contests, and any other public-oriented events. In general, the paper has focused on a description and discussion of The Baytown Coffee Company marketing strategy and its potential to enter the market of Canada as a direct way to address a global context of its performance. Initially, the study has reported about PESTLE analysis that has covered implications on political, economic, social, technological, and environmental issues related to The Baytown Coffee Company. On the basis of the analysis, the paper has provided a comprehensive discussion of the firm’s possibility to enter Canadian market. The current section has given an account on such aspects as vertical growth of the firm, production and distribution, expansion within new market, and attraction of potential target audience. Overall, the study has managed to fulfil its purpose as long as certain findings have been identified. However, the paper has not formulated a distinct marketing strategy for the market entry in Canada, but the findings clearly demonstrate a c ertain tendency. Thus, it is appropriate to make a general comment on the fact that Canadian market is obviously favourable for the expansion of The Baytown Coffee Company. The firm obtains all capacities for the market entry as long as it can provide original coffee and custom English cuisine. In addition, the firm can rely on its expertise in coffee industry and relative technological advantage gained throughout past experience. It is difficult to argue with the evident readiness of the firm to enter a foreign market. The market of Canada is especially convenient for the company as it consists mainly of foreign companies. Consequently, The Baytown Coffee Company will be placed in equal conditions with its key competitors. Moreover, The Baytown Coffee Company presents unique menu, and it is may be considered its strongest competitive advantage. Finally, the further study can be focused on a distinct planning of Canadian market entry for The Baytown Coffee Company.

Memo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

Memo - Assignment Example Most of the times the clients do not know the technicalities involved in ones job. Clients expect the job to be completed in high standards. In the case of side tracks from schedule, the professional should assure the customer that all is well and avoid mentioning the main course of side track. The information relayed should be well organized and to the point. The client only needs the crucial part of the communication and not the details of the delay. This helps save the image of the company. The communication, format, plays a big role and helps portray the professional image of the company (Baugh 45). Company logo is important on the memo to assure trust - A memo to the customer is written on behalf of the company and should portray the company logo. This assures the confidence of the client in the company and increases his trust in the communicated message. Visual aids such as font sizes and color are critical for an official communication. They help to emphasize the information relayed. The memo is an official document, the recommended font size is twelve block style. This emphasizes on the fact that it is an official document (Mathur

Hamlet Assignment#2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hamlet #2 - Assignment Example For analyzing this theme, enough authorial readings will be incorporated to reach at a decision concerning a true relationship between Hamlet and his mother. The research, which I intend to do also evaluate Hamlet’s relationship with other characters to a certain extent to see whether Hamlet is similar in communicating to everyone or his personality shows a new side when he is with different people. Hamlet’s actions that he takes during the play and how he takes the revenge for his father’s murder will also be evaluated. Hamlet’s anger, his madness and his planning against his stepfather Claudius, all take us to a certain analysis related to Hamlet and his mother’s relationship. Hamlet’s mother marries to his dead husband’s stepbrother soon after her husband’s death and without taking her son into confidence. Hamlet gets ignored in all his mother’s doing. She remains the queen of the state but Hamlet remains the prince of the state. However, after his father’s death, he should be the new king as was the custom of that time and age. With his mother’s marriage, his right of being the king was snatched away from him and his father’s murderer was the new king. Hamlet takes a long time in taking a decision concerning his revenge against his stepfather. This delay takes the play towards a tragic end in which, the queen Gertrude, Ophelia (Hamlet’s beloved), Ophelia’s father, Hamlet himself and the king, all die and the kingdom is given a new king. Hamlet is unable to identify whether his mother is a part of the whole game or not. He is also unable to fully accept the information given by the ghost but with the passage of time, he recognizes that the ghost of his father was right and he has a responsibility to avenge his father’s murder. His relationship is of a restrained type with his mother

Are Neuroscientists Able to Explain Human Consciousness Essay

Are Neuroscientists Able to Explain Human Consciousness - Essay Example The essay "Are Neuroscientists Able to Explain Human Consciousness?" talks about the different aspects of neuroscience in the context of human consciousness studies and how these studies have changed with the time. It would be an exaggeration to say that neuroscientists have no clue whatsoever to how consciousness is possible. In fact, neuroscientists have certain facts at hand to give them a hint. As whatever consciousness ultimately might be, it is somehow based on the workings of the central nervous system. This is something humans have not always known: For Aristotle, it was the heart, not the brain that was the seat of human mental life. In fact, Aristotle explicitly denied that the brain could be the sensory center. Before the advent of modern neuroscience, consciousness was a subject for philosophical debate or qualitative psychological descriptions based on introspection. In some schools of psychology, such as behaviorism, it was placed outside of the scientific program, and considered to be a kind of epiphenomenon. More recently, cognitive psychologists have taken certain functional aspects of consciousness as an unanalyzed basis for their studies on human perception and even with a certain degree of success. Such a position does not go far enough, however. Any attempt to account for higher brain functions in terms of the physical organization of the brain itself and of its constituent neurons is confronted sooner or later with the need for a detailed analysis of consciousness based on brain structure.